Quantitative coronary three-dimensional geometry and its association with atherosclerotic disease burden and composition.

BACKGROUND: Isolate features of the coronary anatomy have been associated with the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic disease. Computational methods have been described to allow precise quantification of the complex three-dimensional (3D) coronary geometry. The present study tested whether quantitative parameters that describe the spatial 3D coronary geometry is associated with the extension and composition of the underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Patients with CAD scheduled for percutaneous intervention were investigated with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and invasive coronary angiography, and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (IVUS-VH). For all target vessels, 3D centerlines were extracted from CCTA images and processed to quantify 23 geometric indexes, grouped into 3 main categories as follows: (i) length-based; (ii) curvature-based, torsion-based, and curvature/torsion-combined; (iii) vessel path-based. The geometric variables were compared with IVUS-VH parameters assessing the extent and composition of coronary atherosclerosis. RESULTS: A total of 36 coronary patients (99 vessels) comprised the study population. From the 23 geometric indexes, 18 parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with at least 1 IVUS-VH parameter at a univariate analysis. All three main geometric categories provided parameters significantly related with atherosclerosis variables. The 3D geometric indexes were associated with the degree of atherosclerotic extension, as well as with plaque composition. Geometric features remained significantly associated with all IVUS-VH parameters even after multivariate adjustment for clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative 3D vessel morphology emerges as a relevant factor associated with atherosclerosis in patients with established CAD.

Safety and effectiveness of introducing a robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention program in a tertiary center: a prospective study.

Background: Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a novel technology that permits remote operation of interventional devices. However, little is known about the safety and effectiveness of introducing a robotic PCI program in a hospital already experienced in traditional coronary angioplasty. Methods: Prospective single-arm survey to assess the safety and effectiveness of robotic-assisted PCI in comparison to pre-defined performance goals. The study cohort comprised all consecutive cases treated with robotic PCI since its introduction. The safety primary endpoint was a composite of (I) overall death or (II) non-fatal adverse events related to target vessel complications (stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, vessel perforation or cardiac tamponade, or repeat invasive treatment) during the index hospitalization. The efficacy primary endpoint was robotic-assisted procedural success, a composite of (I) successful dilatation of the target lesion and (II) successful robotic assistance, defined as absent non-planned manual conversion. Results: A total of 83 patients and 112 lesions were prospectively enrolled. The rate of angiographic success was 99.1%. From these, 97 lesions (86.6%) were treated with only robotic PCI or with hybrid according to the pre-interventional plan. The rates of efficacy and safety primary endpoints were 85.7% and 2.4% respectively (P<0.01 for non-inferior to the pre-defined performance threshold). Conclusions: Introduction of robotic-assisted PCI in a tertiary center was associated with safe and effective results, comparable to pre-defined goals of optimal performance.

Improvement of renal function after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is commonly found in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and has marked impact in their prognosis. It has been shown however that TAVR may improve renal function by alleviating the hemodynamic barrier imposed by AS. Nevertheless, the predictors of and clinical consequences of renal function improvement are not well established. Our aim was to assess the predictors of improvement of renal function after TAVR. METHODS: The present work is an analysis of the Brazilian Registry of TAVR, a national non-randomized prospective study with 22 Brazilian centers. Patients with baseline renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60mL/min/1.73m2) were stratified according to renal function after TAVR: increase >10% in eGFR were classified as TAVR induced renal function improvement (TIRFI); decrease > 10% in eGFR were classified as acute kidney injury (AKI) and stable renal function (neither criteria). RESULTS: A total of 819 consecutive patients with symptomatic severe AS were included. Of these, baseline renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60mL/min/1.73m2) was present in 577 (70%) patients. Considering variance in renal function between baseline and at discharge after TAVR procedure, TIRFI was seen in 197 (34.1%) patients, AKI in 203 (35.2%), and stable renal function in 177 (30.7%). The independent predictors of TIRFI were: absence of coronary artery disease (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.48-0.98; P = 0.039) and lower baseline eGFR (OR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-1.00; P = 0.039). There was no significant difference in 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality between patients with stable renal function or TIRFI. Nonetheless, individuals that had AKI after TAVR presented higher mortality compared with TIRFI and stable renal function groups (29.3% vs. 15.4% vs. 9.5%, respectively; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TIRFI was frequently found among baseline impaired renal function individuals but was not associated with improved 1-year outcomes.

Use of robotic assistance to reduce proximity and air-sharing during percutaneous cardiovascular intervention.

Aim: Traditional percutaneous cardiovascular interventions require close physical proximity between the patients and the healthcare team, posing occupational hazards that range from radiation exposure to interpersonal air contamination. Materials & methods: Prospective single-arm pilot study (n = 10) to investigate robotic-assisted intervention as a strategy to reduce proximity during the procedure. Primary end point: composite of angiographic success, intervention performed with the team positioned >2 meters from the patient for ≥50% procedure duration, and absence of in-hospital death or acute target lesion occlusion. Results: The composite primary end point was achieved in 100% of cases. Conclusion: Robotic-assisted percutaneous intervention provided successful invasive treatment while reducing proximity and shared air space between the care-delivery team and the patient during the procedure. Trial registration number: NCT04379453 (Clinicaltrials.gov).

Lay abstract Minimally invasive therapies for cardiovascular diseases are techniques that limit the size of incisions needed and so lessen wound healing time, but traditionally require close contact between the patients and the healthcare team. This fact poses hazards that range from radiation exposure to the spread of airborne diseases. We developed a small study of ten patients to investigate whether a new method of robotic-assisted stent implantation for the treatment of a heart attack would reduce proximity between the patient and medical staff during the procedure. To evaluate the effectiveness of that strategy, we assessed the success of the procedure (by analyzing the images of the operation), the amount of time the team was positioned more than 2 meters from the patient and the occurrence of complications during the hospitalization. We concluded that this method of robotic-assisted stent implantation after a heart attack provided successful treatment while reducing proximity and shared air space between the care-delivery team and the patient.

Robotic-assisted intervention strategy to minimize air exposure during the procedure: a case report of myocardial infarction and COVID-19.

Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is traditionally a manual procedure executed by one or more operators positioned at a close distance from the patient. The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed severe restrictions to such an interventional environment. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 is transmitted mainly through expelled respiratory particles, which are known to travel approximately 3-6 feet away from infected persons. During PCI, that contamination range obligatorily poses the team and the patient to direct air exposure. We herein present a case report with the description of a minimum-contact strategy to reduce interpersonal air exposure during PCI. The approach designed to minimize proximity between the patient and the healthcare team included the performance of robotic-assisted PCI, operated by unscrubbed cardiac interventionalists from a control cockpit located outside the catheterization suite. Also included, was the delineation of the potential zone of respiratory particle spread; a circle measuring 4 meters (13.1 feet) in diameter was traced on the floor of the cath lab with red tape, centered on the patient's mouth and nose. The team was rigorously trained and advised to minimize time spent within the 4-meter perimeter as much as possible during the procedure. Following this strategy, a 60-year-old male with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and COVID-19 was treated with successful coronary implantation of two stents in the obtuse marginal branch and one stent in the circumflex artery. The total duration of the procedure was 103 minutes and 22 seconds. During most of the procedure, the 4-meter spread zone was not entered by any personnel. For each individual team member, the proposed strategy was effective in ensuring that they stayed outside of the 4-meter area for the majority of their work time, ranging from 96.9% to 59.7% of their respective participation. This case report illustrates the potential of robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention in reducing physical proximity between the team and the patient during the procedure.

Assessment of long-term mortality in patients with complex coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous intervention: comparison of multiple anatomical and clinical prognostic risk scores.

AIMS: Three-vessel and left main coronary artery disease (CAD) have important prognostic implications. Consequently, numerous risk scores have been developed to stratify patients with complex CAD. The aim of the present study was to compare the predictive performance of six risk scores for occurrence of fouryear all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: From March 2008 to December 2012, 348 consecutive patients with complex CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a tertiary centre in São Paulo, Brazil, were analysed. Four-year mortality was assessed. The scores compared were: baseline SYNTAX score (SS), residual SYNTAX score (rSS), ACEF score, clinical SYNTAX score (cSS), SYNTAX revascularisation index (SRI) and SYNTAX score II (SSII). SSII had the best predictive performance, AUC 0.82, Brier score 0.10, surpassing all the other scores for long-term mortality prediction. Moreover, SSII discriminated well PCI patients in risk groups with p<0.01 for four-year all-cause mortality. The ACEF score (AUC 0.77) and the cSS (AUC 0.78) were significantly better than the SS (AUC 0.65), SRI (AUC 0.60) or the rSS (AUC 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with complex CAD treated by PCI, the combination of baseline clinical and angiographic factors provided better risk assessment. The SSII demonstrated the most precise predictive performance for long-term mortality.

Plastia valvar mitral com mitraclip(mr): seleção de pacientes, técnica de implante e resultados clínicos / Mitral valve repair with mitraclip(mr): seletion of patients, implant technique and clinical results

A regurgitação mitral (RM) é a doença valvar mais prevalente nos Estados Unidos e sua prevalência aumenta a cada ano devido ao envelhecimento populacional. Independentemente da etiologia, a RM sintomática grave cursa com prognóstico desfavorável. O procedimento cirúrgico ainda é o tratamento padrão para essa patologia; porém, como vários pacientes não são submetidos à cirurgia devido ao alto risco, o tratamento percutâneo com MitraClip surgiu como opção viável. A segurança, eficácia e durabilidade do reparo valvar percutâneo com MitraClip já foram demonstradas em estudos randomizados e, com isso, sua indicação vem-se expandindo

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most prevalent valve disease in the United States and its prevalence is increasing every year due to population aging. Regardless of the etiology, severe symptomatic MR presents with an unfavorable prognosis. The surgical procedure is still the standard treatment for this pathology, however, various patients do not receive this treatment because of a high surgical risk, and percutaneous treatment with MitraClip has emerged as a viable option. The safety, efficacy, and durability of percutaneous valve repair with the MitraClip have already been demonstrated in randomized trials, and as a result, its indication has been expanding

Assessment of long-term mortality in patients with complex coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous intervention: comparison of multiple anatomical and clinical prognostic risk scores

AIMS: Three-vessel and left main coronary artery disease (CAD) have important prognostic implications. Consequently, numerous risk scores have been developed to stratify patients with complex CAD. The aim of the present study was to compare the predictive performance of six risk scores for occurrence of fouryear all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: From March 2008 to December 2012, 348 consecutive patients with complex CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a tertiary centre in São Paulo, Brazil, were analysed. Four-year mortality was assessed. The scores compared were: baseline SYNTAX score (SS), residual SYNTAX score (rSS), ACEF score, clinical SYNTAX score (cSS), SYNTAX revascularisation index (SRI) and SYNTAX score II (SSII). SSII had the best predictive performance, AUC 0.82, Brier score 0.10, surpassing all the other scores for long-term mortality prediction. Moreover, SSII discriminated well PCI patients in risk groups with p<0.01 for four-year all-cause mortality. The ACEF score (AUC 0.77) and the cSS (AUC 0.78) were significantly better than the SS (AUC 0.65), SRI (AUC 0.60) or the rSS (AUC 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with complex CAD treated by PCI, the combination of baseline clinical and angiographic factors provided better risk assessment. The SSII demonstrated the most precise predictive performance for long-term mortality.

Resposta vascular após implante de stents liberadores de biolimus A9 compolímero bioabsorvível e stents liberadores de everolimus com polímero durável. Resultados da análise de tomografia de coerência óptica do estudo randomizado BIOACTIVE / Vascular response after implantation of biolimus A9-eluting stent with bioabsorbable polymer and everolimus-eluting stents with durable polymer. Results of the optical coherence tomography analysis of the BIOACTIVE randomized trial

No estudo BIOACTIVE, avaliamos as respostas vasculares após implante do stent eluidor de biolimus A9 (SEB; BioMatrix®) e o stent eluidor de everolimus (SEE; XIENCE V®). Apresentamos a análise detomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) 6 meses pós-intervenção. Métodos: Os pacientes foram randomizados para tratamento com SEB (n = 22) ou SEE (n = 18). O desfecho primário foi a frequência de hastes não cobertas e mal apostas pela OCT. Resultados: A OCT foi realizada em 26 pacientes (SEB: n = 15; SEE: n = 11) e foram analisadas 749 imagens tomográficas e 7.725 hastes de stent. SEB e SEE apresentaram áreas luminais e dos stents semelhantes.A área de hiperplasia neointimal, a espessura neointimal e o porcentual de obstrução intra-stent (8,44 ± 5,10% vs. 9,21 ± 6,36%; p = 0,74) foram similares. As taxas de hastes não cobertas (SEB: 2,10 ± 3,60% vs. SEE: 2,46 ± 2,15%; p = 0,77) e mal apostas (SEB: 0,48 ± 1,48% vs. SEE 0,44 ± 1,05%; p = 0,94) foram baixas e semelhantes. A frequência de frames com sinais compatíveis com infiltrado inflamatório peri-haste foi baixa e similar entre SEB (15,53 ± 20,77%) e SEE (11,70 ± 27,51%; p = 0,68).Conclusões: Stents farmacológicos de segunda geração SEB e SEE se mostraram igualmente eficientes emsuprimir a formação neointimal aos 6 meses, com respostas vasculares favoráveis. A frequência de framescom sinais de infiltrado peri-haste por paciente foi baixa, e menor do que a historicamente observada comos stents farmacológicos de primeira geração...

In BIOACTIVE study, we evaluated vascular responses after the implant of biolimus A9-eluting stent (BES; BioMatrixTM) and the everolimus-eluting stent (EES; XIENCE VTM). In this study, we present the optical coherence tomography analysis (OCT) 6 months post-intervention. Methods: Patients were randomized to treatment with BES (n = 22) or EES (n = 18). The primary outcome was the frequency of non-covered, poorly positioned struts by OCT.Results: OCT was performed in 26 patients (BES: n = 15; EES: n = 11) and 749 tomographic images and 7,725stent struts were analyzed. BES and EES showed similar luminal and stent areas. Neointimal hyperplasia area, neointimal thickness and the percentage of in-stent obstruction (8.44 ± 5.10% vs. 9.21 ± 6.36%; p = 0.74) were similar. The rates of not covered struts (BES: 2.10 ± 3.60% vs. ESS: 2.46 ± 2.15%, p = 0.77) and poorly positioned struts (BES: 0.48 ± 1.48% vs. EES 0.44 ± 1.05%, p = 0.94) were similarly low. The frequency of frames with signs consistent with peri-strut inflammatory infiltrate was low and similar between BES (15.53 ± 20.77%) and EES (11.70 ± 27.51%; p = 0.68). Conclusions: The second-generation drug-eluting stents BES and EES were equally effective at suppressing the neointimal formation after 6 months, with favorable vascular responses. The frequency of frameswith peri-strut infiltrate signals per patient was low, and lower than that observed historically with firstgenerationdrug-eluting stents...

Peri-infarct zone characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is directly associated with the inflammatory activity during acute phase myocardial infarction.

Enhanced systemic inflammatory activity (SIA) during myocardial infarction (MI) and the extent of the peri-infarct zone characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRi) are both associated with increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The present study investigated the existence of association between these two phenomena in 98 patients (55 ± 10 years) with ST segment elevation MI. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured on admission (D1) and on the fifth day post-MI (D5). CMRi was performed 2 weeks after MI to quantify peri-infarct zone (PIZ). Between D1 and D5, the increase in CRP (6.0 vs. 5.6 times; p = 0.02), IL-2 (3.6 vs. 3.4 times; p = 0.04) and tumor necrosis factor type α (TNF-α; 4.6 vs. 3.9 times; p = 0.001) were higher in patients with PIZ above the median than in the counterparts. PIZ was correlated with CRP-D5 (r = 0.69), delta-CRP (r = 0.7), IL-2-D5 (r = 0.5), delta-IL-2 (r = 0.6), TNF-α (r = 0.5), delta-TNF-α (r = 0.4; p = 0.0001). Enhanced activation of SIA during the acute phase of MI is directly related with generation of PIZ.

Implante por cateter de bioprótese valvar para tratamento da estenose aórtica: experiência de três anos / Transcatheter bioprosthesis implantation for the treatment of aortic stenosis: three-year experience

FUNDAMENTO: O implante por cateter de bioprótese valvar aórtica é uma nova modalidade de tratamento para portadores de estenose aórtica inoperáveis ou de alto risco cirúrgico. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de três anos do implante por cateter da bioprótese CoreValve. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 2008 e janeiro de 2011, 35 pacientes com estenose aórtica (33 casos) ou disfunção de bioprótese valvar aórtica (dois casos) de alto risco cirúrgico foram submetidos ao implante da bioprótese CoreValve. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi 81,5 ± 9 anos, e 80% apresentavam-se em classe funcional III ou IV de insuficiência cardíaca. O EuroScore foi 18,4 ± 14,3% e o STS 14,5 ± 11,6%. Obteve-se sucesso do implante em 34 (97,1%) pacientes. Após a intervenção houve redução do gradiente transvalvar de 84,9 ± 22 para 22,5 ± 9,5 mmHg e 87,1% dos pacientes evoluíram em classe funcional I ou II. A mortalidade aos 30 dias e no seguimento médio de 400 ± 298 dias foi, respectivamente, de 11,4% e 31,4%. A ocorrência de complicações hemorrágicas com risco de morte foi o único preditor independente de mortalidade cardiovascular. Acidente vascular cerebral ocorreu em 5,7% dos pacientes. Marca-passo permanente foi necessário em 32,1% dos casos no primeiro mês após o procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: O implante por cateter de bioprótese valvar aórtica é um procedimento seguro e eficaz para ser empregado em portadores de estenose aórtica de alto risco cirúrgico. O dispositivo CoreValve é eficaz no médio-prazo, em seguimento de até três anos.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis implantation is a new treatment modality for patients with aortic stenosis who are inoperable or at high surgical risk. OBJECTIVE: To report the three-year experience with transcatheter CoreValve® bioprosthesis implantation. METHODS: From January 2008 to January 2011, 35 patients with aortic stenosis (33) or aortic valve bioprosthesis dysfunction (two) at high surgical risk underwent transcatheter CoreValve® bioprosthesis implantation. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 81.5 ± 9 years, and 80% had heart failure functional class III or IV. The EuroScore was 18.4 ± 14.3% and the STS risk score was 14.5 ± 11.6%. Successful device implantation was achieved in 34 (97.1%) patients. After the intervention, a reduction in the transvalvular pressure gradient from 84.9 ± 22 to 22.5 ± 9.5 mm Hg was observed, and 87.1% of the patients progressed to functional class I or II. Thirty-day mortality and mortality in the follow-up of 400 ± 298 days were 11.4% and 31.4%, respectively. The occurrence of life-threatening hemorrhagic complications was the only independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Stroke occurred in 5.7% of the patients. Permanent pacemaker was required in 32.1% of the patients within the first month after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis implantation is a safe and effective procedure to be used in patients with aortic stenosis at high surgical risk. The CoreValve® prosthesis proved to have mid-term efficacy in a three-year follow-up.

Transcatheter bioprosthesis implantation for the treatment of aortic stenosis: three-year experience.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis implantation is a new treatment modality for patients with aortic stenosis who are inoperable or at high surgical risk. OBJECTIVE: To report the three-year experience with transcatheter CoreValve® bioprosthesis implantation. METHODS: From January 2008 to January 2011, 35 patients with aortic stenosis (33) or aortic valve bioprosthesis dysfunction (two) at high surgical risk underwent transcatheter CoreValve® bioprosthesis implantation. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 81.5 ± 9 years, and 80% had heart failure functional class III or IV. The EuroScore was 18.4 ± 14.3% and the STS risk score was 14.5 ± 11.6%. Successful device implantation was achieved in 34 (97.1%) patients. After the intervention, a reduction in the transvalvular pressure gradient from 84.9 ± 22 to 22.5 ± 9.5 mm Hg was observed, and 87.1% of the patients progressed to functional class I or II. Thirty-day mortality and mortality in the follow-up of 400 ± 298 days were 11.4% and 31.4%, respectively. The occurrence of life-threatening hemorrhagic complications was the only independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Stroke occurred in 5.7% of the patients. Permanent pacemaker was required in 32.1% of the patients within the first month after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis implantation is a safe and effective procedure to be used in patients with aortic stenosis at high surgical risk. The CoreValve® prosthesis proved to have mid-term efficacy in a three-year follow-up.

Seguimento angiográfico e clínico tardio do novo stent farmacológico não-polimérico liberador de paclitaxel para o tratamento de lesões coronárias De Novo: resultados do Estudo PAX-B / Late clinical and angiographic follow-up of the new non-polymeric paclitaxel-eluting stent for the treatment of De Novo coronary lesions: outcomes of the PAX-B Study

Introdução: O stent farmacológico eluidor de paclitaxel, não-polimérico, Amazonia® PAX não mostrou diferença na reestenose coronária ou eventos clínicos aos 4 meses de evolução quando comparado com o stent Taxus®. Entretanto, o desempenho do stent Amazonia® PAX em cenários de maior complexidade e com seguimento angiográfico mais longo ainda não foi demonstrado. Métodos: O Estudo PAX-Bfoi um estudo prospectivo, não-randomizado, multicêntrico, que avaliou os resultados tardios de pacientes tratados com o stent Amazonia® PAX. O desfecho primário foi a perda tardiado lúmen intrastent. Resultados: Foram incluídos 103 pacientes com média de idade de 61,3 ± 11,4 anos, 26,2% eramdiabéticos, 24,3% apresentaram-se com síndrome coronária aguda e 71,6% tinham lesões tipo B2/C. Implante de múltiplos stents ocorreu em 4,7% dos casos e o sucesso angiográfico foi de 100%. Na fase hospitalar, a taxa de infarto agudo do miocárdio periprocedimento foi de 3,9%, e um desses eventos levou à revascularização da lesão-alvo (RLA). No seguimento angiográfico de 9 meses, a mediana da perda tardia do lúmen intrastent foi de 0,91 [0,50; 1,21] mm. As taxas cumulativas de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores nos seguimentos de 6meses, 9 meses e 12 meses foram, respectivamente, de 7,8%, 18,5% e 21,3%, principalmente em decorrência de RLA. Não se observou morte ou trombose de stent em 12 meses.Conclusões: O stent Amazonia® PAX demonstrou excelentes resultados imediatos e alto perfil de segurança. Entretanto, as taxas de recorrência angiográfica foram relativamente altas,em razão da pouca eficácia na inibição da formação de hiperplasia neointimal.

Incidência de distúrbios da condução atrioventricular e intraventricular após implante percutâneo da bioprótese valvar aórtica CoreValve / Incidence of atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disorders after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the CoreValve bioprosthesis

Introdução: O sistema de condução localizado no septo interventricular encontra-se anatomicamente contíguo ao anel valvar aórtico. Por isso, distúrbios na condução atrioventricular e intraventricular podem decorrer de inflamação, edema e estresse mecânico causados pelas hastes metálicas da bioprótese CoreValve. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incidência de distúrbios da condução atrioventricular e intraventricular após implante percutâneo da CoreValve. Método: Entre janeiro de 2008 e abril de 2010, 23 pacientes portadores de estenose aórtica foram submetidos a implante da CoreValve. A média de idade foi de 81 ± 8,3 anos, e 12 (52,1%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino. Resultados: Após o implante valvar, constataram-se as seguintes alterações na condução atrioventricular: 3 (13%) bloqueios atrioventriculares totais, 2 (8,7%) bloqueios atrioventriculares de 2º grau e 8 (34,8%) bloqueios atrioventriculares de 1º grau, sendo 4 (17,4%) novos e 4 preexistentes. Assim, distúrbios de condução mais avançados, como bloqueio atrioventricular de 2o grau e/ou bloqueio atrioventricular total ocorreram em 5 (21,7%) pacientes. Em relação aos distúrbios da condução intraventricular pós-implante, foram detectados 14 (60,9%) bloqueios completos de ramo esquerdo, sendo 2 (8,7%) com bloqueio completo de ramo direito e bloqueio completo de ramo esquerdo alternante. Nesta série, 7 (30,4%) pacientes foram submetidos a implante de marca-passo permanente, 6 (26,1%) deles por indicação absoluta. Todos os pacientes que apresentavam bloqueio completo de ramo direito antes do procedimento necessitaram do marca-passo permanente...

Background: There is a close anatomical relationship between the aortic valve annulus and the conduction system.Therefore, atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disorders may occur as a result of inflammation, edema and mechanical stress caused by the metallic struts of the CoreValvebioprosthesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disorders after percutaneous CoreValve implantation.Method: Between January 2008 and April 2010, 23 patients with aortic stenosis were submitted to CoreValve bioprosthesis implantation. Mean age was 81 ± 8.3 years and 12 (52.1%) patients were male. Results: After valve implantation, the following atrioventricular conduction disorderswere observed: 3 (13%) complete atrioventricular blocks, 2 (8.7%) 2nd degree atrioventricular blocks and 8 (34.8%) 1st degree atrioventricular blocks, of which 4 (17.4%) werenew and 4 were preexisting. Therefore, advanced conduction disorders, such as 2nd degree atrioventricular block and/orcomplete atrioventricular block were observed in 5 (21.7%) patients. As to post-implant intraventricular conductiondisorders, 14 (60.9%) left bundle branch blocks were observed, 2 (8.7%) of them with alternating right bundle branch block and left bundle branch block. In this series, 7 (30.4%) patients received a permanent pacemaker, 6 (26.1%) of them with absolute indication. All of the patients withright bundle branch block before the procedure required permanent pacemaker implantation. Conclusion: Atrioventricular conduction disorders and, specially, left bundle branch block are common after percutaneous implantation of the CoreValve prosthesis. Permanent pacemaker is required in approximately one fourth of the cases. The presence of pre-implant right bundle branch block is related to a greater risk of developing advanced conduction disorders.

Incidência e preditores contemporâneos de complicações vasculares após intervenção coronária percutânea / Incidence and contemporary predictors of vascular complications after percutaneous coronary interventions

Fundamentos: A despeito dos avanços da Cardiologia Intervencionista, as complicações vasculares permanecem relativamente freqüentes e seus preditores, na prática médica atual, são pouco conhecidos. A presente investigação foi idealizada com o objetivo de avaliar a incidência e os preditores contemporâneos de complicações vasculares após intervenções coronárias realizadas por via percutânea femoral. Método: Entre dezembro de 2005 e dezembro de 2006, 383 pacientes consecutivos foram submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea por via femoral e foram monitorizados clinicamente, durante a internação hospitalar, para a detecção de complicações vasculares. Resultados: Complicações vasculares ocorreram em 6,5% dos pacientes, sendo o pseudo-aneurisma da artéria femoral a complicação mais freqüentemente observada (2,6%). Os preditores independentes de complicação vascular, neste estudo, foram o sexo feminino (odds ratio [OR] = 5,61; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%] = 1,99-15,76) e o uso do abciximab (OR = 3,02; IC 95% = 1,10-8,26). O emprego de dispositivos hemostáticos (OR = 0,36; IC 95% = 0,12-0,99) foi o único fator protetor independente contra a ocorrência dessas complicações, especialmente no sexo masculino. Conclusões: As complicações vasculares ainda são relativamente freqüentes após intervenções coronárias percutâneas. Os preditores contemporâneos dessas complicações são o sexo feminino e o uso de abciximab. O uso de dispositivos hemostáticos, especialmente em indivíduos do sexo masculino, é um fator protetor independente contra a ocorrência dessas complicações.

Background: Despite all advances in interventional cardiology, vascular complications remain relatively frequent and its contemporary predictors are not well studied. The current investigation was designed with the aim of evaluating the incidence and predictors of vascular complications after percutaneous coronary interventions performed by the femoral approach. Method: Between December 2005 and December 2006, 383 consecutive patients were submitted to percutaneous coronary interventions using the femoral approach and were clinically monitored for the detection of in-hospital vascular complications. Results: Vascular complications occurred in 6.5% of the patients and pseudoaneurism was the most frequently observed complication (2.6%). The independent predictors of vascular complications in the present study were female gender (odds ratio= 5.61; 95% CI= 1.99 - 15.76) and the use of abciximab (odds ratio= 3.02; 95% CI = 1.10 - 8.26). Vascular closure devices were the only independent protectors against vascular complications (odds ratio= 0.36; 95% CI = 0.12 - 0.99), specially when used in men. Conclusion: Vascular complications remain relativelly frequent after percutaneous coronary interventions. The contemporary predictors of these complications are female gender and the use of abciximab, while vascular closure devices act as independent protector against them, specially in men.